path: root/docs/xml/administration.xml

<!-- <!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.1//EN"> -->
<chapter id="administration">
  <title>Administering Bugzilla</title>

  <section id="parameters">
    <title>Bugzilla Configuration</title>

    <para>
      Bugzilla is configured by changing various parameters, accessed
      from the "Parameters" link in the page footer.  
      The parameters are divided into several categories,
      accessed via the menu on the left. Following is a description of the 
      different categories and important parameters within those categories. 
    </para>

      <section id="param-requiredsettings">
        <title>Required Settings</title>

        <para>
          The core required parameters for any Bugzilla installation are set
          here. These parameters must be set before a new Bugzilla installation
          can be used. Administrators should review this list before 
          deploying a new Bugzilla installation.
        </para>

        <indexterm>
          <primary>checklist</primary>
        </indexterm>

        <variablelist>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              maintainer
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para> 
              Email address of the person 
              responsible for maintaining this Bugzilla installation.
              The address need not be that of a valid Bugzilla account.
            </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              urlbase
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Defines the fully qualified domain name and web 
                server path to this Bugzilla installation.
              </para>
              <para>
                For example, if the Bugzilla query page is
                <filename>http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/query.cgi</filename>, 
                the <quote>urlbase</quote> should be set
                to <filename>http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/</filename>.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              docs_urlbase
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Defines path to the Bugzilla documentation. This can be a fully
                qualified domain name, or a path relative to "urlbase".
              </para>
              <para>
                For example, if the "Bugzilla Configuration" page 
                of the documentation is
                <filename>http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/docs/html/parameters.html</filename>, 
                set the <quote>docs_urlbase</quote>
                to <filename>http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/docs/html/</filename>.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              sslbase
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Defines the fully qualified domain name and web 
                server path for HTTPS (SSL) connections to this Bugzilla installation.
              </para>
              <para>
                For example, if the Bugzilla main page is
                <filename>https://www.foo.com/bugzilla/index.cgi</filename>, 
                the <quote>sslbase</quote> should be set
                to <filename>https://www.foo.com/bugzilla/</filename>.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              ssl
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Determines when Bugzilla will force HTTPS (SSL) connections, using
                the URL defined in <command>sslbase</command>. 
                Options include "always", "never", and "authenticated sessions". 
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              cookiedomain
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
               Defines the domain for Bugzilla cookies. This is typically left blank.
               If there are multiple hostnames that point to the same webserver, which
               require the same cookie, then this parameter can be utilized. For
               example, If your website is at 
               <filename>https://www.foo.com/</filename>, setting this to 
               <filename>.foo.com/</filename> will also allow 
               <filename>bar.foo.com/</filename> to access Bugzilla cookies.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              cookiepath
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Defines a path, relative to the web server root, that Bugzilla
                cookies will be restricted to. For example, if the 
                <command>urlbase</command> is set to
                <filename>http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/</filename>, the 
                <command>cookiepath</command> should be set to 
                <filename>/bugzilla/</filename>. Setting it to "/" will allow all sites 
                served by this web server or virtual host to read Bugzilla cookies.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              timezone
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Timezone of server. The timezone is displayed with timestamps. If 
                this parameter is left blank, the timezone is not displayed.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              utf8
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
               Determines whether to use UTF-8 (Unicode) encoding for all text in 
               Bugzilla. New installations should set this to true to avoid character 
               encoding problems. Existing databases should set this to true only 
               after the data has been converted from existing legacy character 
               encoding to UTF-8, using the 
               <filename>contrib/recode.pl</filename> script.
              </para>
              <note>
                <para>
                  If you turn this parameter from "off" to "on", you must re-run 
                  <filename>checksetup.pl</filename> immediately afterward.
                </para>
              </note>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              shutdownhtml
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                If there is any text in this field, this Bugzilla installation will
                be completely disabled and this text will appear instead of all
                Bugzilla pages for all users, including Admins. Used in the event 
                of site maintenance or outage situations. 
              </para>
              <note>
                <para>
                  Although regular log-in capability is disabled while 
                  <command>shutdownhtml</command>
                  is enabled, safeguards are in place to protect the unfortunate 
                  admin who loses connection to Bugzilla. Should this happen to you,
                  go directly to the <filename>editparams.cgi</filename> (by typing
                  the URL in manually, if necessary). Doing this will prompt you to
                  log in, and your name/password will be accepted here (but nowhere
                  else). 
                </para>
              </note>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              announcehtml
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Any text in this field will be displayed at the top of every HTML
                page in this Bugzilla installation. The text is not wrapped in any
                tags. For best results, wrap the text in a <quote>&lt;div&gt;</quote>
                tag. Any style attributes from the CSS can be applied. For example,
                to make the text green inside of a red box, add <quote>id=message</quote>
                to the <quote>&lt;div&gt;</quote> tag.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              proxy_url
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                If this Bugzilla installation is behind a proxy, enter the proxy 
                information here to enable Bugzilla to access the Internet. Bugzilla
                requires Internet access to utilize the 
                <command>upgrade_notification</command> parameter (below). If the 
                proxy requires authentication, use the syntax:
                <filename>http://user:pass@proxy_url/</filename>.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              upgrade_notification
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Enable or disable a notification on the homepage of this Bugzilla
                installation when a newer version of Bugzilla is available. This
                notification is only visible to administrators. Choose "disabled",
                to turn off the notification. Otherwise, choose which version of
                Bugzilla you want to be notified about: "development_snapshot" is the
                latest release on the trunk; "latest_stable_release" is the most 
                recent release available on the most recent stable branch; 
                "stable_branch_release" the most recent release on the branch 
                this installation is based on.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

        </variablelist>

        </section>

        <section id="param-admin-policies">
          <title>Administrative Policies</title>
        <para>
        This page contains parameters for basic administrative functions.
        Options include whether to allow the deletion of bugs and users, whether
        to allow users to change their email address, and whether to allow
        user watching (one user receiving all notifications of a selected
        other user). 
        </para>

        <variablelist>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              supportwatchers
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Turning on this option allows users to ask to receive copies 
                of bug mail sent to another user.  Watching a user with
                different group permissions is not a way to 'get around' the
                system; copied emails are still subject to the normal groupset
                permissions of a bug, and <quote>watchers</quote> will only be 
                copied on emails from bugs they would normally be allowed to view. 
              </para> 
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

        </variablelist>

        </section>

        <section id="param-user-authentication">
          <title>User Authentication</title>
          <para>
            This page contains the settings that control how this Bugzilla
            installation will do its authentication. Choose what authentication
            mechanism to use (the Bugzilla database, or an external source such
            as LDAP), and set basic behavioral parameters. For example, choose
            whether to require users to login to browse bugs, the management
            of authentication cookies, and the regular expression used to
            validate email addresses. Some parameters are highlighted below.
          </para>

        <variablelist>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              emailregexp
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Defines the regular expression used to validate email addresses
                used for login names. The default attempts to match fully
                qualified email addresses (i.e. 'user@example.com'). Some
                Bugzilla installations allow only local user names (i.e 'user' 
                instead of 'user@example.com'). In that case, the 
                <command>emailsuffix</command> parameter should be used to define
                the email domain.    
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              emailsuffix
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                This string is appended to login names when actually sending 
                email to a user. For example,
                If <command>emailregexp</command> has been set to allow
                local usernames,
                then this parameter would contain the email domain for all users
                (i.e. '@example.com').   
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

        </variablelist>

        </section>

        <section id="param-attachments">
          <title>Attachments</title>
          <para>
            This page allows for setting restrictions and other parameters
            regarding attachments to bugs. For example, control size limitations
            and whether to allow pointing to external files via a URI.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="param-bug-change-policies">
          <title>Bug Change Policies</title>
          <para>
            Set policy on default behavior for bug change events. For example,
            choose whether to allow bug reporters to set the priority or
            target milestone. Also allows for configuration of what changes
            should require the user to make a comment, described below.    
          </para>

        <variablelist>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              commenton*
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                All these fields allow you to dictate what changes can pass
                without comment, and which must have a comment from the
                person who changed them.  Often, administrators will allow
                users to add themselves to the CC list, accept bugs, or
                change the Status Whiteboard without adding a comment as to
                their reasons for the change, yet require that most other
                changes come with an explanation.
              </para>

              <para>
                Set the "commenton" options according to your site policy. It
                is a wise idea to require comments when users resolve, reassign, or
                reopen bugs at the very least. 
              </para>

              <note>
                <para>
                  It is generally far better to require a developer comment
                  when resolving bugs than not. Few things are more annoying to bug
                  database users than having a developer mark a bug "fixed" without
                  any comment as to what the fix was (or even that it was truly
                  fixed!)
                </para>
              </note>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>
          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              noresolveonopenblockers
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                This option will prevent users from resolving bugs as FIXED if
                they have unresolved dependencies. Only the FIXED resolution
                is affected. Users will be still able to resolve bugs to
                resolutions other than FIXED if they have unresolved dependent
                bugs.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

        </variablelist>

        </section>

        <section id="param-bugfields">
          <title>Bug Fields</title>
          <para>
            The parameters in this section determine the default settings of
            several Bugzilla fields for new bugs, and also control whether
            certain fields are used.
          </para>

        <variablelist>

          <varlistentry>    
            <term>
              useqacontact
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                This allows you to define an email address for each component, 
                in addition to that of the default assignee, who will be sent
                carbon copies of incoming bugs.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              usestatuswhiteboard
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                This defines whether you wish to have a free-form, overwritable field
                associated with each bug. The advantage of the Status Whiteboard is
                that it can be deleted or modified with ease, and provides an
                easily-searchable field for indexing some bugs that have some trait
                in common.         
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

        </variablelist>

        </section>

        <section id="param-bugmoving">
          <title>Bug Moving</title>
          <para>
            This page controls whether this Bugzilla installation allows certain
            users to move bugs to an external database. If bug moving is enabled,
            there are a number of parameters that control bug moving behaviors. 
            For example, choose which users are allowed to move bugs, the location
            of the external database, and the default product and component that
            bugs moved <emphasis>from</emphasis> other bug databases to this 
            Bugzilla installation are assigned to. 
          </para>

        </section>

        <section id="param-dependency-graphs">
          <title>Dependency Graphs</title>
          <para>
            This page has one parameter that sets the location of a Web Dot
            server, or of the Web Dot binary on the local system, that is used
            to generate dependency graphs. Web Dot is a CGI program that creates
            images from <filename>.dot</filename> graphic description files. If
            no Web Dot server or binary is specified, then dependency graphs will
            be disabled.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="param-group-security">
          <title>Group Security</title>
            <para>
              Bugzilla allows for the creation of different groups, with the
              ability to restrict the visibility of bugs in a group to a set of 
              specific users. Specific products can also be associated with
              groups, and users restricted to only see products in their groups.
              Several parameters are described in more detail below. Most of the
              configuration of groups and their relationship to products is done
              on the "Groups" and "Product" pages of the "Administration" area.
              The options on this page control global default behavior. 
              For more information on Groups and Group Security, see
              <xref linkend="groups"/> 
            </para>

        <variablelist>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              makeproductgroups
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Determines whether or not to automatically create groups
                when new products are created. If this is on, the groups will be
                used for querying bugs.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              useentrygroupdefault
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Bugzilla products can have a group associated with them, so that
                certain users can only see bugs in certain products. When this 
                parameter is set to <quote>on</quote>, this 
                causes the initial group controls on newly created products 
                to place all newly-created bugs in the group 
                having the same name as the product immediately.
                After a product is initially created, the group controls
                can be further adjusted without interference by 
                this mechanism.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              querysharegroup
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                The name of the group of users who are allowed to share saved
                searches with one another. For more information on using 
                saved searches, see <xref linkend="savedsearches"/>.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

        </variablelist>
    
        </section>

        <section id="param-localization">
          <title>Localization</title>

          <para>
            This section allows for setting which language is used by default
            for this Bugzilla installation. The "languages" parameter can also
            be used to determine which languages this Bugzilla installation
            supports. Note that any language listed here must have its
            corresponding language pack installed.
          </para>

        </section>

        <section id="bzldap">
          <title>LDAP Authentication</title>

          <para>LDAP authentication is a module for Bugzilla's plugin 
          authentication architecture. This page contains all the parameters
          necessary to configure Bugzilla for use with LDAP authentication.
          </para>

          <para>
          The existing authentication
          scheme for Bugzilla uses email addresses as the primary user ID, and a
          password to authenticate that user. All places within Bugzilla that
          require a user ID (e.g assigning a bug) use the email
          address. The LDAP authentication builds on top of this scheme, rather
          than replacing it. The initial log-in is done with a username and
          password for the LDAP directory. Bugzilla tries to bind to LDAP using
          those credentials and, if successful, tries to map this account to a
          Bugzilla account. If an LDAP mail attribute is defined, the value of this
          attribute is used, otherwise the "emailsuffix" parameter is appended to LDAP
          username to form a full email address. If an account for this address
          already exists in the Bugzilla installation, it will log in to that account.
          If no account for that email address exists, one is created at the time
          of login. (In this case, Bugzilla will attempt to use the "displayName"
          or "cn" attribute to determine the user's full name.) After
          authentication, all other user-related tasks are still handled by email
          address, not LDAP username. For example, bugs are still assigned by
          email address and users are still queried by email address.
          </para>

          <caution>
            <para>Because the Bugzilla account is not created until the first time
            a user logs in, a user who has not yet logged is unknown to Bugzilla.
            This means they cannot be used as an assignee or QA contact (default or
            otherwise), added to any CC list, or any other such operation. One
            possible workaround is the <filename>bugzilla_ldapsync.rb</filename>
            script in the
            <glossterm linkend="gloss-contrib">
            <filename class="directory">contrib</filename></glossterm> 
            directory. Another possible solution is fixing
            <ulink url="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201069">bug
            201069</ulink>.
            </para>
          </caution>

          <para>Parameters required to use LDAP Authentication:</para>

          <variablelist>
            <varlistentry id="param-user_verify_class_for_ldap">
              <term>user_verify_class</term>
              <listitem>
                <para>If you want to list <quote>LDAP</quote> here,
                make sure to have set up the other parameters listed below.
                Unless you have other (working) authentication methods listed as
                well, you may otherwise not be able to log back in to Bugzilla once
                you log out.
                If this happens to you, you will need to manually edit
                <filename>data/params</filename> and set user_verify_class to
                <quote>DB</quote>.
                </para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
    
            <varlistentry id="param-LDAPserver">
              <term>LDAPserver</term>
              <listitem>
                <para>This parameter should be set to the name (and optionally the
                port) of your LDAP server. If no port is specified, it assumes
                the default LDAP port of 389.
                </para>
                <para>Ex. <quote>ldap.company.com</quote>
                 or <quote>ldap.company.com:3268</quote>
                </para>
                <para>You can also specify a LDAP URI, so as to use other
                protocols, such as LDAPS or LDAPI. If port was not specified in
                the URI, the default is either 389 or 636 for 'LDAP' and 'LDAPS'
                schemes respectively.
                </para>
                <para>Ex. <quote>ldap://ldap.company.com</quote>,
                <quote>ldaps://ldap.company.com</quote> or
                <quote>ldapi://%2fvar%2flib%2fldap_sock</quote>
                </para>
               </listitem>
             </varlistentry>
    
             <varlistentry id="param-LDAPbinddn">
               <term>LDAPbinddn [Optional]</term>
               <listitem>
                 <para>Some LDAP servers will not allow an anonymous bind to search
                 the directory. If this is the case with your configuration you
                 should set the LDAPbinddn parameter to the user account Bugzilla
                 should use instead of the anonymous bind.
                 </para>
                 <para>Ex. <quote>cn=default,cn=user:password</quote></para>
               </listitem>
             </varlistentry>
    
             <varlistentry id="param-LDAPBaseDN">
               <term>LDAPBaseDN</term>
               <listitem>
                 <para>The LDAPBaseDN parameter should be set to the location in
                 your LDAP tree that you would like to search for email addresses.
                 Your uids should be unique under the DN specified here.
                 </para>
                 <para>Ex. <quote>ou=People,o=Company</quote></para>
               </listitem>
             </varlistentry>
    
             <varlistentry id="param-LDAPuidattribute">
               <term>LDAPuidattribute</term>
               <listitem>
                 <para>The LDAPuidattribute parameter should be set to the attribute
                 which contains the unique UID of your users. The value retrieved
                 from this attribute will be used when attempting to bind as the
                 user to confirm their password.
                 </para>
                 <para>Ex. <quote>uid</quote></para>
               </listitem>
             </varlistentry>

             <varlistentry id="param-LDAPmailattribute">
               <term>LDAPmailattribute</term>
               <listitem>
                 <para>The LDAPmailattribute parameter should be the name of the
                 attribute which contains the email address your users will enter
                 into the Bugzilla login boxes.
                 </para>
                 <para>Ex. <quote>mail</quote></para>
               </listitem>
              </varlistentry>
          </variablelist>

        </section>
    
        <section id="param-email">
          <title>Email</title>
          <para>
            This page contains all of the parameters for configuring how
            Bugzilla deals with the email notifications it sends. See below
            for a summary of important options. 
          </para>

        <variablelist>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              mail_delivery_method
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                This is used to specify how email is sent, or if it is sent at 
                all.  There are several options included for different MTAs, 
                along with two additional options that disable email sending.  
                "Test" does not send mail, but instead saves it in 
                <filename>data/mailer.testfile</filename> for later review.  
                "None" disables email sending entirely.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              mailfrom
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                This is the email address that will appear in the "From" field
                of all emails sent by this Bugzilla installation. Some email
                servers require mail to be from a valid email address, therefore
                it is recommended to choose a valid email address here.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              sendmailnow
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                When Bugzilla is using Sendmail older than 8.12, turning this option
                off will improve performance by not waiting for Sendmail to actually
                send mail.  If Sendmail 8.12 or later is being used, there is 
                nothing to gain by turning this off.  If another MTA is being used, 
                such as Postfix, then this option *must* be turned on (even if you 
                are using the fake sendmail executable that Postfix provides).
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              whinedays
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Set this to the number of days you want to let bugs go
                in the NEW or REOPENED state before notifying people they have
                untouched new bugs. If you do not plan to use this feature, simply 
                do not set up the whining cron job described in the installation
                instructions, or set this value to "0" (never whine).
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              globalwatcher
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                This allows you to define specific users who will
                receive notification each time a new bug in entered, or when
                an existing bug changes, according to the normal groupset
                permissions. It may be useful for sending notifications to a
                mailing-list, for instance.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

        </variablelist>

        </section>

        <section id="param-patchviewer">
          <title>Patch Viewer</title>
          <para>
            This page contains configuration parameters for the CVS server, 
            Bonsai server and LXR server that Bugzilla will use to enable the
            features of the Patch Viewer. Bonsai is a tool that enables queries 
            to a CVS tree. LXR is a tool that can cross reference and index source
            code.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="param-querydefaults">
          <title>Query Defaults</title>
          <para>
            This page controls the default behavior of Bugzilla in regards to 
            several aspects of querying bugs. Options include what the default
            query options are, what the "My Bugs" page returns, whether users
            can freely add bugs to the quip list, and how many duplicate bugs are 
            needed to add a bug to the "most frequently reported" list.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="param-shadowdatabase">
          <title>Shadow Database</title>
          <para>
            This page controls whether a shadow database is used, and all the
            parameters associated with the shadow database. Bugzilla
            uses the MyISAM table type in MySQL, which supports
            only table-level write locking. With MyISAM, any time someone is making a change to 
            a bug, the entire table is locked until the write operation is complete.
            Locking for write also blocks reads until the write is complete.
          </para> 
          <para>
            The <quote>shadowdb</quote> parameter was designed to get around
            this limitation. While only a single user is allowed to write to
            a table at a time, reads can continue unimpeded on a read-only
            shadow copy of the database.
          </para>
          <note>
            <para>
              The shadow database is not automatically updated. Replication must
              be set up to keep the shadow database in sync with the main database.
            </para>
          </note>

        </section>

        <section id="admin-usermatching">
          <title>User Matching</title>
          <para>
            The settings on this page control how users are selected and queried
            when adding a user to a bug. For example, users need to be selected
            when choosing who the bug is assigned to, adding to the CC list or 
            selecting a QA contact. With the "usemenuforusers" parameter, it is 
            possible to configure Bugzilla to 
            display a list of users in the fields instead of an empty text field.
            This should only be used in Bugzilla installations with a small number
            of users. If users are selected via a text box, this page also
            contains parameters for how user names can be queried and matched
            when entered.
          </para>

        </section>

  </section>

  <section id="useradmin">
    <title>User Administration</title>

    <section id="defaultuser">
      <title>Creating the Default User</title>

      <para>When you first run checksetup.pl after installing Bugzilla, it
      will prompt you for the administrative username (email address) and
      password for this "super user". If for some reason you delete
      the "super user" account, re-running checksetup.pl will again prompt
      you for this username and password.</para>

      <tip>
        <para>If you wish to add more administrative users, add them to 
        the "admin" group and, optionally, edit the tweakparams, editusers,
        creategroups, editcomponents, and editkeywords groups to add the
        entire admin group to those groups (which is the case by default).
        </para>
      </tip>
    </section>

    <section id="manageusers">
      <title>Managing Other Users</title>

      <section id="user-account-search">
        <title>Searching for existing users</title>

        <para>
          If you have <quote>editusers</quote> privileges or if you are allowed
          to grant privileges for some groups, the <quote>Users</quote> link
          will appear in the Administration page.
        </para>

        <para>
          The first screen is a search form to search for existing user
          accounts. You can run searches based either on the user ID, real
          name or login name (i.e. the email address, or just the first part
          of the email address if the "emailsuffix" parameter is set).
          The search can be conducted
          in different ways using the listbox to the right of the text entry
          box. You can match by case-insensitive substring (the default),
          regular expression, a <emphasis>reverse</emphasis> regular expression
          match (which finds every user name which does NOT match the regular
          expression), or the exact string if you know exactly who you are
          looking for. The search can be restricted to users who are in a
          specific group. By default, the restriction is turned off.
        </para>

        <para>
          The search returns a list of
          users matching your criteria. User properties can be edited by clicking
          the login name. The Account History of a user can be viewed by clicking
          the "View" link in the Account History column. The Account History
          displays changes that have been made to the user account, the time of
          the change and the user who made the change. For example, the Account
          History page will display details of when a user was added or removed
          from a group.
        </para>
      </section>

      <section id="createnewusers">
        <title>Creating new users</title>

        <section id="self-registration">
          <title>Self-registration</title>

          <para>
            By default, users can create their own user accounts by clicking the
            <quote>New Account</quote> link at the bottom of each page (assuming
            they aren't logged in as someone else already). If you want to disable
            this self-registration, or if you want to restrict who can create his
            own user account, you have to edit the <quote>createemailregexp</quote>
            parameter in the <quote>Configuration</quote> page, see
            <xref linkend="parameters" />.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="user-account-creation">
          <title>Accounts created by an administrator</title>

          <para>
            Users with <quote>editusers</quote> privileges, such as administrators,
            can create user accounts for other users:
          </para>

          <orderedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>After logging in, click the "Users" link at the footer of
              the query page, and then click "Add a new user".</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>Fill out the form presented. This page is self-explanatory.
              When done, click "Submit".</para>

              <note>
                <para>Adding a user this way will <emphasis>not</emphasis>
                send an email informing them of their username and password.
                While useful for creating dummy accounts (watchers which
                shuttle mail to another system, for instance, or email
                addresses which are a mailing list), in general it is
                preferable to log out and use the <quote>New Account</quote>
                button to create users, as it will pre-populate all the
                required fields and also notify the user of her account name
                and password.</para>
              </note>
            </listitem>
          </orderedlist>
        </section>
      </section>

      <section id="modifyusers">
        <title>Modifying Users</title>

        <para>Once you have found your user, you can change the following
        fields:</para>

        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
            <emphasis>Login Name</emphasis>: 
            This is generally the user's full email address. However, if you
            have are using the <quote>emailsuffix</quote> parameter, this may
            just be the user's login name. Note that users can now change their
            login names themselves (to any valid email address).
            </para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
            <emphasis>Real Name</emphasis>: The user's real name. Note that
            Bugzilla does not require this to create an account.</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
            <emphasis>Password</emphasis>: 
            You can change the user's password here. Users can automatically
            request a new password, so you shouldn't need to do this often.
            If you want to disable an account, see Disable Text below.
            </para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
              <emphasis>Bugmail Disabled</emphasis>:
              Mark this checkbox to disable bugmail and whinemail completely
              for this account. This checkbox replaces the data/nomail file
              which existed in older versions of Bugzilla.
            </para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
              <emphasis>Disable Text</emphasis>: 
              If you type anything in this box, including just a space, the
              user is prevented from logging in, or making any changes to 
              bugs via the web interface. 
              The HTML you type in this box is presented to the user when
              they attempt to perform these actions, and should explain
              why the account was disabled.
            </para>
            <para>
              Users with disabled accounts will continue to receive
              mail from Bugzilla; furthermore, they will not be able
              to log in themselves to change their own preferences and
              stop it. If you want an account (disabled or active) to
              stop receiving mail, simply check the
              <quote>Bugmail Disabled</quote> checkbox above.
            </para>
            <note>
              <para>
                Even users whose accounts have been disabled can still
                submit bugs via the e-mail gateway, if one exists.
                The e-mail gateway should <emphasis>not</emphasis> be
                enabled for secure installations of Bugzilla.
              </para>
            </note>
            <warning>
              <para>
                Don't disable all the administrator accounts!
              </para>
            </warning>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
            <emphasis>&lt;groupname&gt;</emphasis>: 
            If you have created some groups, e.g. "securitysensitive", then
            checkboxes will appear here to allow you to add users to, or
            remove them from, these groups.
            </para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
            <emphasis>canconfirm</emphasis>: 
            This field is only used if you have enabled the "unconfirmed"
            status. If you enable this for a user,
            that user can then move bugs from "Unconfirmed" to a "Confirmed"
            status (e.g.: "New" status).</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
            <emphasis>creategroups</emphasis>: 
            This option will allow a user to create and destroy groups in
            Bugzilla.</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
            <emphasis>editbugs</emphasis>: 
            Unless a user has this bit set, they can only edit those bugs
            for which they are the assignee or the reporter. Even if this
            option is unchecked, users can still add comments to bugs.
            </para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
            <emphasis>editcomponents</emphasis>: 
            This flag allows a user to create new products and components,
            as well as modify and destroy those that have no bugs associated
            with them. If a product or component has bugs associated with it,
            those bugs must be moved to a different product or component
            before Bugzilla will allow them to be destroyed.
            </para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
            <emphasis>editkeywords</emphasis>: 
            If you use Bugzilla's keyword functionality, enabling this
            feature allows a user to create and destroy keywords. As always,
            the keywords for existing bugs containing the keyword the user
            wishes to destroy must be changed before Bugzilla will allow it
            to die.</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
            <emphasis>editusers</emphasis>: 
            This flag allows a user to do what you're doing right now: edit
            other users. This will allow those with the right to do so to
            remove administrator privileges from other users or grant them to
            themselves. Enable with care.</para>
          </listitem>


          <listitem>
            <para>
            <emphasis>tweakparams</emphasis>: 
            This flag allows a user to change Bugzilla's Params 
            (using <filename>editparams.cgi</filename>.)</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para> 
            <emphasis>&lt;productname&gt;</emphasis>:
            This allows an administrator to specify the products 
            in which a user can see bugs. If you turn on the 
            <quote>makeproductgroups</quote> parameter in
            the Group Security Panel in the Parameters page, 
            then Bugzilla creates one group per product (at the time you create 
            the product), and this group has exactly the same name as the 
            product itself. Note that for products that already exist when
            the parameter is turned on, the corresponding group will not be
            created. The user must still have the <quote>editbugs</quote> 
            privilege to edit bugs in these products.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>

      <section id="user-account-deletion">
        <title>Deleting Users</title>
        <para>
          If the <quote>allowuserdeletion</quote> parameter is turned on, see
          <xref linkend="parameters" />, then you can also delete user accounts.
          Note that this is most of the time not the best thing to do. If only
          a warning in a yellow box is displayed, then the deletion is safe.
          If a warning is also displayed in a red box, then you should NOT try
          to delete the user account, else you will get referential integrity
          problems in your database, which can lead to unexpected behavior,
          such as bugs not appearing in bug lists anymore, or data displaying
          incorrectly. You have been warned!
        </para>
      </section>

      <section id="impersonatingusers">
        <title>Impersonating Users</title>
        
        <para>
        There may be times when an administrator would like to do something as
        another user.  The <command>sudo</command> feature may be used to do 
        this.
        </para>
        
        <note>
          <para>
          To use the sudo feature, you must be in the
          <emphasis>bz_sudoers</emphasis> group.  By default, all
          administrators are in this group.</para>
        </note>
        
        <para>
        If you have access to this feature, you may start a session by
        going to the Edit Users page, Searching for a user and clicking on 
        their login.  You should see a link below their login name titled 
        "Impersonate this user".  Click on the link.  This will take you 
        to a page where you will see a description of the feature and 
        instructions for using it.  After reading the text, simply 
        enter the login of the user you would like to impersonate, provide 
        a short message explaining why you are doing this, and press the 
        button.</para>
        
        <para>
        As long as you are using this feature, everything you do will be done 
        as if you were logged in as the user you are impersonating.</para>
        
        <warning>
          <para>
          The user you are impersonating will not be told about what you are 
          doing.  If you do anything that results in mail being sent, that 
          mail will appear to be from the user you are impersonating.  You 
          should be extremely careful while using this feature.</para>
        </warning>
      </section>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section id="classifications" xreflabel="Classifications">
    <title>Classifications</title>

    <para>Classifications tend to be used in order to group several related
    products into one distinct entity.</para>

    <para>The classifications layer is disabled by default; it can be turned
    on or off using the useclassification parameter,
    in the <emphasis>Bug Fields</emphasis> section of the edit parameters screen.</para>

    <para>Access to the administration of classifications is controlled using
    the <emphasis>editclassifications</emphasis> system group, which defines
    a privilege for creating, destroying, and editing classifications.</para>

    <para>When activated, classifications will introduce an additional
    step when filling bugs (dedicated to classification selection), and they
    will also appear in the advanced search form.</para>
  </section>

  <section id="products" xreflabel="Products">
    <title>Products</title>

    <para>
    <glossterm linkend="gloss-product" baseform="product">
    Products</glossterm> typically represent real-world
    shipping products. Products can be given 
    <xref linkend="classifications"/>. 
    For example, if a company makes computer games, 
    they could have a classification of "Games", and a separate
    product for each game. This company might also have a 
    <quote>Common</quote> product for units of technology used 
    in multiple games, and perhaps a few special products that
    represent items that are not actually shipping products 
    (for example, "Website", or "Administration").
    </para>

    <para>
    Many of Bugzilla's settings are configurable on a per-product
    basis. The number of <quote>votes</quote> available to 
    users is set per-product, as is the number of votes
    required to move a bug automatically from the UNCONFIRMED 
    status to the NEW status.
    </para>

    <para>
    When creating or editing products the following options are
    available: 
    </para> 

    <variablelist>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>
          Product
        </term>
        <listitem>
          <para> 
            The name of the product
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>
          Description
        </term>
        <listitem>
          <para> 
            A brief description of the product
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>
          URL describing milestones for this product
        </term>
        <listitem>
          <para> 
            If there is reference URL, provide it here
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>
          Default milestone
        </term>
        <listitem>
          <para> 
            Select the default milestone for this product.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>
          Closed for bug entry
        </term>
        <listitem>
          <para> 
            Select this box to prevent new bugs from being
            entered against this product.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>
          Maximum votes per person
        </term>
        <listitem>
          <para> 
            Maximum votes a user is allowed to give for this 
            product
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>
          Maximum votes a person can put on a single bug
        </term>
        <listitem>
          <para> 
            Maximum votes a user is allowed to give for this 
            product in a single bug
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>
          Confirmation threshold
        </term>
        <listitem>
          <para> 
            Number of votes needed to automatically remove any
            bug against this product from the UNCONFIRMED state
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>
          Version
        </term>
        <listitem>
          <para> 
            Specify which version of the product bugs will be
            entered against.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>
          Create chart datasets for this product
        </term>
        <listitem>
          <para> 
            Select to make chart datasets available for this product.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>

    <para>
    When editing a product there is also a link to edit
    <xref linkend="product-group-controls"/>.
    </para>
    <para>
    To create a new product:
    </para>

    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para> 
        Select <quote>products</quote> from the footer.
        </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>
        Select the <quote>Add</quote> link in the bottom right.
        </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>
        Enter the name of the product and a description. The
        Description field may contain HTML.
        </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>
        When the product is created, Bugzilla will give a message
        stating that a component must be created before any bugs can
        be entered against the new product. Follow the link to create
        a new component. See <xref linkend="components"/> for more
        information.
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>


    <section id="product-group-controls" xreflabel="Group Access Controls">
      <title>Assigning Group Controls to Products</title>
      <para> 
      On the <quote>Product Edit</quote> page, 
      there is a link called 
      <quote>Edit Group Access Controls</quote>. 
      The settings on this page control the relationship 
      of the groups to the product being edited.
      </para> 
      <para>
      Groups may be applicable, default, and 
      mandatory for each product. Groups can also control access 
      to bugs for a given product, or be used to make bugs 
      for a product totally read-only unless the group 
      restrictions are met.
      </para>
      <para>
      If any group has <emphasis>Entry</emphasis> selected, then the 
      product will restrict bug entry to only those users 
      who are members of all the groups with 
      <emphasis>Entry</emphasis> selected.
      </para>
      <para>
      If any group has <emphasis>Canedit</emphasis> selected, 
      then the product will be read-only for any users 
      who are not members of all of the groups with
      <emphasis>Canedit</emphasis> selected. ONLY users who 
      are members of all the <emphasis>Canedit</emphasis> groups 
      will be able to edit. This is an 
      additional restriction that further limits 
      what can be edited by a user.
      </para>
      <para>
      The following settings let you 
      choose privileges on a <emphasis>per-product basis</emphasis>.
      This is a convenient way to give privileges to 
      some users for some products only, without having 
      to give them global privileges which would affect 
      all products.
      </para>
      <para>
      Any group having <emphasis>editcomponents</emphasis> 
      selected  allows users who are in this group to edit all 
      aspects of this product, including components, milestones 
      and versions.
      </para>
      <para>
      Any group having <emphasis>canconfirm</emphasis> selected 
      allows users who are in this group to confirm bugs 
      in this product.
      </para>
      <para>
      Any group having <emphasis>editbugs</emphasis> selected allows 
      users who are in this group to edit all fields of 
      bugs in this product.
      </para>
      <para>
      The <emphasis>MemberControl</emphasis> and 
      <emphasis>OtherControl</emphasis> fields indicate which 
      bugs will be placed in this group according 
      to the following definitions.
      </para>
      <para>
      For each group, it is possible to specify if 
      membership in that group is:
      </para>
      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
          Required for bug entry. 
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
          Not applicable to this product(NA),
          a possible restriction for a member of the 
          group to place on a bug in this product(Shown),
          a default restriction for a member of the 
          group to place on a bug in this product(Default),
          or a mandatory restriction to be placed on bugs 
          in this product(Mandatory).
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
          Not applicable by non-members to this product(NA),
          a possible restriction for a non-member of the 
          group to place on a bug in this product(Shown),
          a default restriction for a non-member of the 
          group to place on a bug in this product(Default),
          or a mandatory restriction to be placed on bugs 
          in this product when entered by a non-member(Mandatory).
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
          Required in order to make <emphasis>any</emphasis> change
          to bugs in this product <emphasis>including comments.</emphasis>
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>
      <para>These controls are often described in this order, so a 
      product that requires a user to be a member of group "foo" 
      to enter a bug and then requires that the bug stay restricted
      to group "foo" at all times and that only members of group "foo"
      can edit the bug even if they otherwise could see the bug would 
      have its controls summarized by...</para>
      <programlisting> 
foo: ENTRY, MANDATORY/MANDATORY, CANEDIT
      </programlisting>
      
    </section>



  </section>

  <section id="components" xreflabel="Components">
    <title>Components</title>

    <para>Components are subsections of a Product. E.g. the computer game 
    you are designing may have a "UI"
    component, an "API" component, a "Sound System" component, and a
    "Plugins" component, each overseen by a different programmer. It
    often makes sense to divide Components in Bugzilla according to the
    natural divisions of responsibility within your Product or
    company.</para>

    <para>
    Each component has a default assignee and (if you turned it on in the parameters),
    a QA Contact. The default assignee should be the primary person who fixes bugs in
    that component. The QA Contact should be the person who will ensure
    these bugs are completely fixed. The Assignee, QA Contact, and Reporter
    will get email when new bugs are created in this Component and when
    these bugs change. Default Assignee and Default QA Contact fields only
    dictate the 
    <emphasis>default assignments</emphasis>; 
    these can be changed on bug submission, or at any later point in
    a bug's life.</para>

    <para>To create a new Component:</para>

   <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>Select the <quote>Edit components</quote> link 
        from the <quote>Edit product</quote> page</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Select the <quote>Add</quote> link in the bottom right.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Fill out the <quote>Component</quote> field, a 
        short <quote>Description</quote>, the 
        <quote>Default Assignee</quote>, <quote>Default CC List</quote> 
        and <quote>Default QA Contact</quote> (if enabled). 
        The <quote>Component Description</quote> field may contain a 
        limited subset of HTML tags. The <quote>Default Assignee</quote> 
        field must be a login name already existing in the Bugzilla database. 
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>
  </section>

  <section id="versions">
    <title>Versions</title>

    <para>Versions are the revisions of the product, such as "Flinders
    3.1", "Flinders 95", and "Flinders 2000". Version is not a multi-select
    field; the usual practice is to select the earliest version known to have
    the bug.
    </para>

    <para>To create and edit Versions:</para>

    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>From the "Edit product" screen, select "Edit Versions"</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>You will notice that the product already has the default
        version "undefined". Click the "Add" link in the bottom right.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Enter the name of the Version. This field takes text only. 
        Then click the "Add" button.</para>
      </listitem>

    </orderedlist>
  </section>

  <section id="milestones">
    <title>Milestones</title>

    <para>Milestones are "targets" that you plan to get a bug fixed by. For
    example, you have a bug that you plan to fix for your 3.0 release, it
    would be assigned the milestone of 3.0.</para>

    <note>
      <para>Milestone options will only appear for a Product if you turned
      on the "usetargetmilestone" Param in the "Edit Parameters" screen.
      </para>
    </note>

    <para>To create new Milestones, set Default Milestones, and set
    Milestone URL:</para>

    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>Select "Edit milestones" from the "Edit product" page.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Select "Add" in the bottom right corner.
        text</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Enter the name of the Milestone in the "Milestone" field. You
        can optionally set the "sortkey", which is a positive or negative
        number (-32768 to 32767) that defines where in the list this particular
        milestone appears. This is because milestones often do not 
        occur in alphanumeric order For example, "Future" might be
        after "Release 1.2". Select "Add".</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>From the Edit product screen, you can enter the URL of a 
        page which gives information about your milestones and what
        they mean. </para>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>
  </section>
  
 <section id="flags-overview">
   <title>Flags</title>
   
   <para>
     Flags are a way to attach a specific status to a bug or attachment, 
     either <quote>+</quote> or <quote>-</quote>. The meaning of these symbols depends on the text
     the flag itself, but contextually they could mean pass/fail, 
     accept/reject, approved/denied, or even a simple yes/no. If your site
     allows requestable flags, then users may set a flag to <quote>?</quote> as a 
     request to another user that they look at the bug/attachment, and set
     the flag to its correct status.
   </para>

   <section id="flags-simpleexample">
     <title>A Simple Example</title>

     <para>
       A developer might want to ask their manager, 
       <quote>Should we fix this bug before we release version 2.0?</quote> 
       They might want to do this for a <emphasis>lot</emphasis> of bugs,
       so it would be nice to streamline the process...
     </para>
     <para>
       In Bugzilla, it would work this way:
       <orderedlist>
         <listitem>
           <para>
             The Bugzilla administrator creates a flag type called 
             <quote>blocking2.0</quote> that shows up on all bugs in 
             your product.
           </para>
 
           <para>
             It shows up on the <quote>Show Bug</quote> screen
             as the text <quote>blocking2.0</quote> with a drop-down box next
             to it. The drop-down box contains four values: an empty space,
             <quote>?</quote>, <quote>-</quote>, and <quote>+</quote>.
           </para>
         </listitem>
         <listitem>
           <para>The developer sets the flag to <quote>?</quote>.</para>
         </listitem>
         <listitem>
           <para>
             The manager sees the <computeroutput>blocking2.0</computeroutput>
             flag with a <quote>?</quote> value.
           </para>
         </listitem>
         <listitem>
           <para>
             If the manager thinks the feature should go into the product
             before version 2.0 can be released, he sets the flag to 
             <quote>+</quote>. Otherwise, he sets it to <quote>-</quote>.
           </para>
         </listitem>
         <listitem>
           <para>
             Now, every Bugzilla user who looks at the bug knows whether or 
             not the bug needs to be fixed before release of version 2.0.
           </para>
         </listitem>
       </orderedlist>
     </para>

   </section>

   <section id="flags-about">
     <title>About Flags</title>

     <section id="flag-values">
       <title>Values</title>
       <para>
         Flags can have three values:
         <variablelist>
           <varlistentry>
             <term><computeroutput>?</computeroutput></term>
             <listitem><simpara>
               A user is requesting that a status be set. (Think of it as 'A question is being asked'.)
             </simpara></listitem>
           </varlistentry>
           <varlistentry>
             <term><computeroutput>-</computeroutput></term>
             <listitem><simpara>
               The status has been set negatively. (The question has been answered <quote>no</quote>.)
             </simpara></listitem>
           </varlistentry>
           <varlistentry>
             <term><computeroutput>+</computeroutput></term>
             <listitem><simpara>
               The status has been set positively.
               (The question has been answered <quote>yes</quote>.)
             </simpara></listitem>
           </varlistentry>
         </variablelist>
       </para>
       <para>
         Actually, there's a fourth value a flag can have -- 
         <quote>unset</quote> -- which shows up as a blank space. This 
         just means that nobody has expressed an opinion (or asked
         someone else to express an opinion) about this bug or attachment.
       </para>
     </section>
   </section>

   <section id="flag-askto">
     <title>Using flag requests</title>
     <para>
       If a flag has been defined as 'requestable', and a user has enough privileges
       to request it (see below), the user can set the flag's status to <quote>?</quote>.
       This status indicates that someone (a.k.a. <quote>the requester</quote>) is asking
       someone else to set the flag to either <quote>+</quote> or <quote>-</quote>.
     </para>
     <para>
       If a flag has been defined as 'specifically requestable', 
       a text box will appear next to the flag into which the requester may
       enter a Bugzilla username. That named person (a.k.a. <quote>the requestee</quote>)
       will receive an email notifying them of the request, and pointing them
       to the bug/attachment in question.
     </para>
     <para>
       If a flag has <emphasis>not</emphasis> been defined as 'specifically requestable',
       then no such text-box will appear. A request to set this flag cannot be made of
       any specific individual, but must be asked <quote>to the wind</quote>.
       A requester may <quote>ask the wind</quote> on any flag simply by leaving the text-box blank.
     </para>
   </section>

   <section id="flag-types">
     <title>Two Types of Flags</title>
    
     <para>
       Flags can go in two places: on an attachment, or on a bug.
     </para>

     <section id="flag-type-attachment">
       <title>Attachment Flags</title>
      
       <para>
         Attachment flags are used to ask a question about a specific 
         attachment on a bug.
       </para>
       <para>
         Many Bugzilla installations use this to 
         request that one developer <quote>review</quote> another 
         developer's code before they check it in. They attach the code to
         a bug report, and then set a flag on that attachment called
         <quote>review</quote> to 
         <computeroutput>review?boss@domain.com</computeroutput>.
         boss@domain.com is then notified by email that
         he has to check out that attachment and approve it or deny it.
       </para>

       <para>
         For a Bugzilla user, attachment flags show up in three places:
         <orderedlist>
           <listitem>
             <para>
               On the list of attachments in the <quote>Show Bug</quote>
               screen, you can see the current state of any flags that
               have been set to ?, +, or -. You can see who asked about 
               the flag (the requester), and who is being asked (the 
               requestee).
             </para>
           </listitem>
           <listitem>
             <para>
              When you <quote>Edit</quote> an attachment, you can 
              see any settable flag, along with any flags that have 
              already been set. This <quote>Edit Attachment</quote> 
              screen is where you set flags to ?, -, +, or unset them.
             </para>
           </listitem>
           <listitem>
             <para>
               Requests are listed in the <quote>Request Queue</quote>, which
               is accessible from the <quote>My Requests</quote> link (if you are
               logged in) or <quote>Requests</quote> link (if you are logged out)
               visible in the footer of all pages.
             </para>
           </listitem>
         </orderedlist>
       </para>

     </section>

     <section id="flag-type-bug">
       <title>Bug Flags</title>

       <para>
         Bug flags are used to set a status on the bug itself. You can 
         see Bug Flags in the <quote>Show Bug</quote> and <quote>Requests</quote>
         screens, as described above.
       </para>
       <para>
         Only users with enough privileges (see below) may set flags on bugs.
         This doesn't necessarily include the assignee, reporter, or users with the
         <computeroutput>editbugs</computeroutput> permission.
       </para>
     </section>

   </section>

   <section id="flags-admin">
     <title>Administering Flags</title>

     <para>
       If you have the <quote>editcomponents</quote> permission, you will
       have <quote>Edit: ... | Flags | ...</quote> in your page footer.
       Clicking on that link will bring you to the <quote>Administer 
       Flag Types</quote> page. Here, you can select whether you want 
       to create (or edit) a Bug flag, or an Attachment flag.
     </para>
     <para>
       No matter which you choose, the interface is the same, so we'll 
       just go over it once.
     </para>

     <section id="flags-create">
       <title>Creating a Flag</title>
       
        <para>
          When you click on the <quote>Create a Flag Type for...</quote>
          link, you will be presented with a form. Here is what the fields in 
          the form mean:
        </para>

        <section id="flags-create-field-name">
          <title>Name</title>
          <para>
            This is the name of the flag. This will be displayed 
            to Bugzilla users who are looking at or setting the flag. 
            The name may contain any valid Unicode characters except commas
            and spaces.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="flags-create-field-description">
          <title>Description</title>
          <para>
            The description describes the flag in more detail. It is visible
            in a tooltip when hovering over a flag either in the <quote>Show Bug</quote>
            or <quote>Edit Attachment</quote> pages. This field can be as
            long as you like, and can contain any character you want.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="flags-create-field-category">
          <title>Category</title>

          <para>
            Default behaviour for a newly-created flag is to appear on
            products and all components, which is why <quote>__Any__:__Any__</quote>
            is already entered in the <quote>Inclusions</quote> box.
            If this is not your desired behaviour, you must either set some
            exclusions (for products on which you don't want the flag to appear),
            or you must remove <quote>__Any__:__Any__</quote> from the Inclusions box
            and define products/components specifically for this flag.
          </para>

          <para>
            To create an Inclusion, select a Product from the top drop-down box.
            You may also select a specific component from the bottom drop-down box.
            (Setting <quote>__Any__</quote> for Product translates to, 
            <quote>all the products in this Bugzilla</quote>.
            Selecting  <quote>__Any__</quote> in the Component field means
            <quote>all components in the selected product.</quote>) 
            Selections made, press <quote>Include</quote>, and your
            Product/Component pairing will show up in the <quote>Inclusions</quote> box on the right.
          </para>

          <para>
            To create an Exclusion, the process is the same; select a Product from the
            top drop-down box, select a specific component if you want one, and press
            <quote>Exclude</quote>. The Product/Component pairing will show up in the 
            <quote>Exclusions</quote> box on the right.
          </para>

          <para>
            This flag <emphasis>will</emphasis> and <emphasis>can</emphasis> be set for any
            products/components that appearing in the <quote>Inclusions</quote> box 
            (or which fall under the appropriate <quote>__Any__</quote>). 
            This flag <emphasis>will not</emphasis> appear (and therefore cannot be set) on
            any products appearing in the <quote>Exclusions</quote> box.
            <emphasis> IMPORTANT: Exclusions override inclusions.</emphasis>
          </para>

          <para>
            You may select a Product without selecting a specific Component,
            but you can't select a Component without a Product, or to select a
            Component that does not belong to the named Product. If you do so,
            Bugzilla will display an error message, even if all your products
            have a component by that name.
          </para>

          <para><emphasis>Example:</emphasis> Let's say you have a product called 
            <quote>Jet Plane</quote> that has thousands of components. You want
            to be able to ask if a problem should be fixed in the next model of 
            plane you release. We'll call the flag <quote>fixInNext</quote>.
            But, there's one component in <quote>Jet Plane,</quote> 
            called <quote>Pilot.</quote> It doesn't make sense to release a 
            new pilot, so you don't want to have the flag show up in that component.
            So, you include <quote>Jet Plane:__Any__</quote> and you exclude 
            <quote>Jet Plane:Pilot</quote>.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="flags-create-field-sortkey">
          <title>Sort Key</title>
          <para>
            Flags normally show up in alphabetical order. If you want them to 
            show up in a different order, you can use this key set the order on each flag. 
            Flags with a lower sort key will appear before flags with a higher
            sort key. Flags that have the same sort key will be sorted alphabetically,
            but they will still be after flags with a lower sort key, and before flags
            with a higher sort key.
          </para>
          <para>
            <emphasis>Example:</emphasis> I have AFlag (Sort Key 100), BFlag (Sort Key 10), 
            CFlag (Sort Key 10), and DFlag (Sort Key 1). These show up in
            the order: DFlag, BFlag, CFlag, AFlag.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="flags-create-field-active">
          <title>Active</title>
          <para>
            Sometimes, you might want to keep old flag information in the 
            Bugzilla database, but stop users from setting any new flags of this type.
            To do this, uncheck <quote>active</quote>. Deactivated
            flags will still show up in the UI if they are ?, +, or -, but they
            may only be cleared (unset), and cannot be changed to a new value.
            Once a deactivated flag is cleared, it will completely disappear from a 
            bug/attachment, and cannot be set again.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="flags-create-field-requestable">
          <title>Requestable</title>
          <para>
            New flags are, by default, <quote>requestable</quote>, meaning that they
            offer users the <quote>?</quote> option, as well as <quote>+</quote>
            and <quote>-</quote>.
            To remove the ? option, uncheck <quote>requestable</quote>.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="flags-create-field-specific">
          <title>Specifically Requestable</title>
          <para>
            By default this box is checked for new flags, meaning that users may make
            flag requests of specific individuals. Unchecking this box will remove the
            text box next to a flag; if it is still requestable, then requests may
            only be made <quote>to the wind.</quote> Removing this after specific
            requests have been made will not remove those requests; that data will
            stay in the database (though it will no longer appear to the user).
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="flags-create-field-multiplicable">
          <title>Multiplicable</title>
          <para>
            Any flag with <quote>Multiplicable</quote> set (default for new flags is 'on')
            may be set more than once. After being set once, an unset flag
            of the same type will appear below it with <quote>addl.</quote> (short for 
            <quote>additional</quote>) before the name. There is no limit to the number of
            times a Multiplicable flags may be set on the same bug/attachment.
          </para>
        </section>

	<section id="flags-create-field-cclist">
          <title>CC List</title>

          <para>
            If you want certain users to be notified every time this flag is 
            set to ?, -, +, or unset, add them here. This is a comma-separated 
            list of email addresses that need not be restricted to Bugzilla usernames.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="flags-create-grant-group">
          <title>Grant Group</title>
          <para>
            When this field is set to some given group, only users in the group
            can set the flag to <quote>+</quote> and <quote>-</quote>. This
            field does not affect who can request or cancel the flag. For that,
            see the <quote>Request Group</quote> field below. If this field
            is left blank, all users can set or delete this flag. This field is
            useful for restricting which users can approve or reject requests.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="flags-create-request-group">
          <title>Request Group</title>
          <para>
            When this field is set to some given group, only users in the group
            can request or cancel this flag. Note that this field has no effect
            if the <quote>grant group</quote> field is empty. You can set the
            value of this field to a different group, but both fields have to be
            set to a group for this field to have an effect.
          </para>
        </section>
      </section> <!-- flags-create -->

      <section id="flags-delete">
        <title>Deleting a Flag</title>

        <para>
          When you are at the <quote>Administer Flag Types</quote> screen,
          you will be presented with a list of Bug flags and a list of Attachment
          Flags.
        </para>
        <para>
          To delete a flag, click on the <quote>Delete</quote> link next to
          the flag description.
        </para>
        <warning>
          <para>
            Once you delete a flag, it is <emphasis>gone</emphasis> from
            your Bugzilla. All the data for that flag will be deleted.
            Everywhere that flag was set, it will disappear,
            and you cannot get that data back. If you want to keep flag data,
            but don't want anybody to set any new flags or change current flags,
            unset <quote>active</quote> in the flag Edit form.
          </para>
        </warning>
      </section>

      <section id="flags-edit">
        <title>Editing a Flag</title>
        <para>
          To edit a flag's properties, just click on the <quote>Edit</quote>
          link next to the flag's description. That will take you to the same
          form described in the <quote>Creating a Flag</quote> section.
        </para>
      </section>

    </section> <!-- flags-admin -->

    <!-- XXX We should add a "Uses of Flags" section, here, with examples. -->

  </section> <!-- flags -->

  <section id="keywords">
    <title>Keywords</title>

    <para>
    The administrator can define keywords which can be used to tag and
    categorise bugs. For example, the keyword "regression" is commonly used.
    A company might have a policy stating all regressions
    must be fixed by the next release - this keyword can make tracking those
    bugs much easier.
    </para>
    <para>
    Keywords are global, rather than per-product. If the administrator changes
    a keyword currently applied to any bugs, the keyword cache must be rebuilt
    using the <xref linkend="sanitycheck"/> script. Currently keywords can not
    be marked obsolete to prevent future usage.
    </para>
    <para>
    Keywords can be created, edited or deleted by clicking the "Keywords"
    link in the footer. There are two fields for each keyword - the keyword
    itself and a brief description. Once created, keywords can be selected
    and applied to individual bugs in that bug's "Details" section.
    </para>
  </section>

  <section id="custom-fields">
    <title>Custom Fields</title>

    <para>
      One of the most requested features was the ability to add your own custom
      fields to bugs, based on your needs. With the release of Bugzilla 3.0, this
      dream finally comes true. Administrators can manage these fields using the
      <quote>Custom Fields</quote> link in the footer of pages. The first thing
      they will see is the list of existing custom fields (which is empty by default).
    </para>

    <section id="add-custom-fields">
      <title>Adding Custom Fields</title>

      <para>
        The <quote>Add a new custom field</quote> link permits you to add a
        new field which can be either a free text box or a drop down menu.
        More field types will be available in future releases.
      </para>

      <para>
        The following attributes must be set for each new custom field:
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              <emphasis>Name:</emphasis>
              the name of the field, used internally. This name MUST begin
              with <quote>cf_</quote>. If you omit this string, it will
              be automatically added to the name you entered. This way, all
              custom fields added to Bugzilla begin with <quote>cf_</quote>,
              avoiding any conflict with default fields.
            </para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
              <emphasis>Description:</emphasis>
              the string which is used as a label for this custom field.
              That is the string that users will see, and so should be
              short and explicit.
            </para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
              <emphasis>Type:</emphasis>
              as mentioned above, only two types are implemented so far.
              Free text boxes let you type any string, while drop down menus
              only let you choose one value in the list provided. The list of
              legal values for this field can be created and edited as soon as
              this custom field is added to the DB. See
              <xref linkend="edit-values-list" /> for information about editing
              legal values.
            </para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
              <emphasis>Sortkey:</emphasis>
              this integer determines in which order custom fields are
              displayed in the UI, especially when viewing a bug. Fields
              with lower values are displayed first.
            </para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
              <emphasis>Can be set on bug creation:</emphasis>
              this boolean determines whether this field can be set on
              bug creation or not. If not, then you have to create the
              bug first before being able to set this field. Else you
              can set its value at the same time you file a bug,
              see <xref linkend="bugreports" /> about filing bugs.
            </para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
              <emphasis>Displayed in bugmail for new bugs:</emphasis>
              this boolean determines whether the value set on this field
              should appear in bugmail when the bug is filed. This attribute
              has no effect if the field cannot be set on bug creation.
            </para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
              <emphasis>Is obsolete:</emphasis>
              this boolean determines whether or not this field should
              be displayed at all. Obsolete custom fields are hidden.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </para>
    </section>

    <section id="edit-custom-fields">
      <title>Editing Custom Fields</title>

      <para>
        As soon as a custom field is created, its name and type cannot be
        changed. If this field is a drop down menu, its legal values can
        be set as described in <xref linkend="edit-values-list" />. All
        other attributes can be edited as described above.
      </para>
    </section>

    <section id="delete-custom-fields">
      <title>Deleting Custom Fields</title>

      <para>
        At this point, it is not possible to delete custom fields from
        your web browser. If you don't want to make one available anymore,
        mark it as obsolete. This way, you will preserve your DB
        referential integrity.
      </para>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section id="edit-values">
    <title>Legal Values</title>

    <para>
      Since Bugzilla 2.20 RC1, legal values for Operating Systems, platforms,
      bug priorities and severities can be edited from the User Interface
      directly. This means that it is no longer required to manually edit
      <filename>localconfig</filename>. Starting with Bugzilla 2.23.3, you
      can also customize the list of valid resolutions from the same interface.
    </para>

    <section id="edit-values-list">
      <title>Viewing/Editing legal values</title>
      <para>
        Editing legal values requires <quote>admin</quote> privileges.
        A link named <quote>Field Values</quote> is visible in your footer and
        clicking on it displays the list of fields whose values can be edited.
      </para>
      <para>
	You can add as many legal values as you want, and each value must be
	unique (on a per field basis). The sortkey is important to display these
	values in the desired order.
      </para>
    </section>

    <section id="edit-values-delete">
      <title>Deleting legal values</title>
      <para>
        You can also delete legal values, but only if the two following conditions
	are respected:
      </para>

      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
	  <para>The value is not used by default for the field.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>No bug is currently using this value.</para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>

      <para>
        If any of these conditions is not respected, the value cannot be deleted.
	The only way to delete these values is to reassign bugs to another value
	and to set another value as default for the field.
      </para>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section id="voting">
    <title>Voting</title>

    <para>Voting allows users to be given a pot of votes which they can allocate
    to bugs, to indicate that they'd like them fixed. 
    This allows developers to gauge
    user need for a particular enhancement or bugfix. By allowing bugs with
    a certain number of votes to automatically move from "UNCONFIRMED" to
    "NEW", users of the bug system can help high-priority bugs garner
    attention so they don't sit for a long time awaiting triage.</para>

    <para>To modify Voting settings:</para>

    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>Navigate to the "Edit product" screen for the Product you
        wish to modify</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para><emphasis>Maximum Votes per person</emphasis>:
        Setting this field to "0" disables voting.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para><emphasis>Maximum Votes a person can put on a single
         bug</emphasis>: 
         It should probably be some number lower than the
        "Maximum votes per person". Don't set this field to "0" if
        "Maximum votes per person" is non-zero; that doesn't make
        any sense.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para><emphasis>Number of votes a bug in this product needs to
        automatically get out of the UNCONFIRMED state</emphasis>: 
        Setting this field to "0" disables the automatic move of
        bugs from UNCONFIRMED to NEW. 
        </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Once you have adjusted the values to your preference, click
        "Update".</para>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>
  </section>

  <section id="quips">
    <title>Quips</title>

    <para>
      Quips are small text messages that can be configured to appear
      next to search results. A Bugzilla installation can have its own specific
      quips. Whenever a quip needs to be displayed, a random selection
      is made from the pool of already existing quips.
    </para>
  
    <para>
      Quips are controlled by the <emphasis>enablequips</emphasis> parameter.
      It has several possible values: on, approved, frozen or off.
      In order to enable quips approval you need to set this parameter
      to "approved". In this way, users are free to submit quips for
      addition but an administrator must explicitly approve them before
      they are actually used.
    </para>

    <para>
      In order to see the user interface for the quips, it is enough to click
      on a quip when it is displayed together with the search results. Or
      it can be seen directly in the browser by visiting the quips.cgi URL
      (prefixed with the usual web location of the Bugzilla installation).
      Once the quip interface is displayed, it is enough to click the
      "view and edit the whole quip list" in order to see the administration
      page. A page with all the quips available in the database will
      be displayed.
    </para>

    <para>
      Next to each tip there is a checkbox, under the
      "Approved" column. Quips who have this checkbox checked are
      already approved and will appear next to the search results.
      The ones that have it unchecked are still preserved in the
      database but they will not appear on search results pages.
      User submitted quips have initially the checkbox unchecked.
    </para>
  
    <para>
      Also, there is a delete link next to each quip,
      which can be used in order to permanently delete a quip.
    </para>
  </section>

  <section id="groups">
    <title>Groups and Group Security</title>

    <para>Groups allow the administrator
    to isolate bugs or products that should only be seen by certain people.
    The association between products and groups is controlled from
    the product edit page under <quote>Edit Group Controls.</quote>
    </para>

    <para>
    If the makeproductgroups param is on, a new group will be automatically
    created for every new product. It is primarily available for backward
    compatibility with older sites. 
    </para>
    <para>
      Note that group permissions are such that you need to be a member
      of <emphasis>all</emphasis> the groups a bug is in, for whatever
      reason, to see that bug. Similarly, you must be a member 
      of <emphasis>all</emphasis> of the entry groups for a product 
      to add bugs to a product and you must be a member 
      of <emphasis>all</emphasis> of the canedit groups for a product
      in order to make <emphasis>any</emphasis> change to bugs in that
      product.
    </para>    
    <note>
      <para>
        By default, bugs can also be seen by the Assignee, the Reporter, and 
        by everyone on the CC List, regardless of whether or not the bug would 
        typically be viewable by them. Visibility to the Reporter and CC List can 
        be overridden (on a per-bug basis) by bringing up the bug, finding the 
        section that starts with <quote>Users in the roles selected below...</quote>
        and un-checking the box next to either 'Reporter' or 'CC List' (or both).
      </para>
    </note>
    <section>
      <title>Creating Groups</title>
      <para>To create Groups:</para>
  
      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>Select the <quote>groups</quote>
          link in the footer.</para>
        </listitem>
  
        <listitem>
          <para>Take a moment to understand the instructions on the <quote>Edit
          Groups</quote> screen, then select the <quote>Add Group</quote> link.</para>
        </listitem>
  
        <listitem>
          <para>Fill out the <quote>Group</quote>, <quote>Description</quote>, 
           and <quote>User RegExp</quote> fields. 
           <quote>User RegExp</quote> allows you to automatically
           place all users who fulfill the Regular Expression into the new group. 
           When you have finished, click <quote>Add</quote>.</para>
           <para>Users whose email addresses match the regular expression
           will automatically be members of the group as long as their 
           email addresses continue to match the regular expression.</para>
           <note>
             <para>This is a change from 2.16 where the regular expression
             resulted in a user acquiring permanent membership in a group.
             To remove a user from a group the user was in due to a regular
             expression in version 2.16 or earlier, the user must be explicitly
             removed from the group. This can easily be done by pressing
             buttons named 'Remove Memberships' or 'Remove Memberships
             included in regular expression' under the table.</para>
           </note>
           <warning>
             <para>If specifying a domain in the regexp, make sure you end
             the regexp with a $. Otherwise, when granting access to 
             "@mycompany\.com", you will allow access to 
             'badperson@mycompany.com.cracker.net'. You need to use 
             '@mycompany\.com$' as the regexp.</para>
           </warning>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>If you plan to use this group to directly control
          access to bugs, check the "use for bugs" box. Groups
          not used for bugs are still useful because other groups
          can include the group as a whole.</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>After you add your new group, edit the new group.  On the
          edit page, you can specify other groups that should be included
          in this group and which groups should be permitted to add and delete
          users from this group.</para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>
  
    </section>
    <section>
      <title>Assigning Users to Groups</title>
      <para>Users can become a member of a group in several ways.</para>
      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>The user can be explicitly placed in the group by editing
          the user's own profile</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>The group can include another group of which the user is
          a member.</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>The user's email address can match a regular expression
          that the group specifies to automatically grant membership to
          the group.</para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>
    </section>
    <section>
     <title>Assigning Group Controls to Products</title>
     <para>
     For information on assigning group controls to
     products, see <xref linkend="products" />.
     </para>
    </section>
    
    <section>
    <title>Common Applications of Group Controls</title>
      <section>
      <title>General User Access With Security Group</title>
      <para>To permit any user to file bugs in each product (A, B, C...) 
      and to permit any user to submit those bugs into a security
      group....</para>
      <programlisting> 
Product A...
security: SHOWN/SHOWN
Product B...
security: SHOWN/SHOWN
Product C...
security: SHOWN/SHOWN
      </programlisting>
      </section>
      <section>
      <title>General User Access With A Security Product</title>
      <para>To permit any user to file bugs in a Security product
      while keeping those bugs from becoming visible to anyone
      outside the securityworkers group unless a member of the
      securityworkers group removes that restriction....</para>
      <programlisting> 
Product Security...
securityworkers: DEFAULT/MANDATORY
      </programlisting>
      </section>
      <section>
      <title>Product Isolation With Common Group</title>
      <para>To permit users of product A to access the bugs for
      product A, users of product B to access product B, and support
      staff to access both, 3 groups are needed</para>
      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>Support: Contains members of the support staff.</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>AccessA: Contains users of product A and the Support group.</para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>AccessB: Contains users of product B and the Support group.</para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>
      <para>Once these 3 groups are defined, the products group controls
      can be set to..</para>
      <programlisting>
Product A...
AccessA: ENTRY, MANDATORY/MANDATORY
Product B...
AccessB: ENTRY, MANDATORY/MANDATORY
      </programlisting>
      <para>Optionally, the support group could be permitted to make
      bugs inaccessible to the users and could be permitted to publish
      bugs relevant to all users in a common product that is read-only
      to anyone outside the support group. That configuration could
      be...</para>
      <programlisting>
Product A...
AccessA: ENTRY, MANDATORY/MANDATORY
Support: SHOWN/NA
Product B...
AccessB: ENTRY, MANDATORY/MANDATORY
Support: SHOWN/NA
Product Common...
Support: ENTRY, DEFAULT/MANDATORY, CANEDIT
      </programlisting>
      </section>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section id="sanitycheck">
    <title>Checking and Maintaining Database Integrity</title>

    <para>
    Over time it is possible for the Bugzilla database to become corrupt
    or to have anomalies.
    This could happen through normal usage of Bugzilla, manual database
    administration outside of the Bugzilla user interface, or from some
    other unexpected event. Bugzilla includes a "Sanity Check" script that
    can perform several basic database checks, and repair certain problems or
    inconsistencies. 
    </para>
    <para>
    To run the "Sanity Check" script, log in as an Administrator and click the
    "Sanity Check" link in the footer. Any problems that are found will be
    displayed in red letters. If the script is capable of fixing a problem,
    it will present a link to initiate the fix. If the script can not
    fix the problem it will require manual database administration or recovery.
    </para>
    <para>
    The "Sanity Check" script should be run on a regular basis as a matter of
    best practice.
    </para>
    <warning>
      <para>
      The "Sanity Check" script is no substitute for a competent database
      administrator. It is only designed to check and repair basic database
      problems.
      </para>
    </warning>

  </section>

  <section id="upgrading">
    <title>Upgrading to New Releases</title>

    <para>
      Upgrading Bugzilla is something we all want to do from time to time,
      be it to get new features or pick up the latest security fix. How easy
      it is to update depends on a few factors:
    </para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          If the new version is a revision or a new point release
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          How many local changes (if any) have been made
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <section id="upgrading-version-defns">
      <title>Version Definitions</title>

      <para>
        Bugzilla displays the version you are using at the top of the home
        page <filename>index.cgi</filename>. It looks something like
        '2.20.3', '2.22.1' or '3.0rc1'. The first number in this series is
        the Major Version. This does not change very often;
        Bugzilla was 1.x.x when it was first created, and went to 2.x.x
        when it was re-written in perl in Sept 1998. The major version
        3.x.x, released in early 2007, is pretty far from what the 2.x.x
        series looked like, both about its UI and its code.
      </para>

      <para>
        The second number in the version is called the 'minor number', and
        a release that changes the minor number is called a 'point release'.
        An even number in this position (2.18, 2.20, 2.22, 3.0, 3.2, etc.)
        represents a stable version, while an odd number (2.19, 2.21, 2.23, etc.)
        represents a development version. In the past, stable point releases
        were feature-based, coming when certain enhancements had been
        completed, or the Bugzilla development team felt that enough
        progress had been made overall. As of version 2.18, however,
        Bugzilla has moved to a time-based release schedule; current plans
        are to create a stable point release every 6 months or so after
        2.18 is deployed.
      </para>

      <para>
        The third number in the Bugzilla version represents a bugfix version.
        Bugfix Revisions are released only to address security vulnerabilities
        and, for a limited period, bug fixes. Once enough of these
        bugfixes have accumulated (or a new security vulnerability is
        identified and closed), a bugfix release is made. As an
        example, 2.20.3 was a bugfix release, and improved on 2.20.2.
      </para>

      <note>
        <para>
          When reading version numbers, everything separated by a point ('.')
          should be read as a single number. It is <emphasis>not</emphasis>
          the same as decimal. 2.22 is newer than 2.8 because minor version
          22 is greater than minor version 8. The now unsupported release 2.16.11
          was newer than 2.16.9 (because bugfix 11 is greater than bugfix 9. This is
          confusing to some people who aren't used to dealing with software.
        </para>
      </note>
    </section>

    <section id="upgrading-notifications">
      <title>Upgrading - Notifications</title>

      <para>
        Bugzilla 3.0 introduces the ability to automatically notify
        administrators when new releases are available, based on the
        <literal>upgrade_notification</literal> parameter, see
        <xref linkend="parameters"/>. Administrators will see these
        notifications when they access the <filename>index.cgi</filename>
        page, i.e. generally when logging in. Bugzilla will check once per
        day for new releases, unless the parameter is set to
        <quote>disabled</quote>. If you are behind a proxy, you may have to set
        the <literal>proxy_url</literal> parameter accordingly. If the proxy
        requires authentication, use the
        <literal>http://user:pass@proxy_url/</literal> syntax.
      </para>
    </section>

    <section id="upgrading-methods">
    <title>Upgrading - Methods and Procedure</title>
      <para>
        There are three different ways to upgrade your installation.
      </para>

      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            Using CVS (<xref linkend="upgrade-cvs"/>)
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            Downloading a new tarball (<xref linkend="upgrade-tarball"/>)
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            Applying the relevant patches (<xref linkend="upgrade-patches"/>)
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>

      <para>
        Each of these options has its own pros and cons; the one that's
        right for you depends on how long it has been since you last
        installed, the degree to which you have customized your installation,
        and/or your network configuration. (Some discussion of the various
        methods of updating compared with degree and methods of local
        customization can be found in <xref linkend="template-method"/>.)
      </para>

      <para>
        The larger the jump you are trying to make, the more difficult it
        is going to be to upgrade if you have made local customizations.
        Upgrading from 2.22 to 2.22.1 should be fairly painless even if
        you are heavily customized, but going from 2.18 to 3.0 is going
        to mean a fair bit of work re-writing your local changes to use
        the new files, logic, templates, etc. If you have done no local
        changes at all, however, then upgrading should be approximately
        the same amount of work regardless of how long it has been since
        your version was released.
      </para>

      <warning>
        <para>
          Upgrading is a one-way process. You should backup your database
          and current Bugzilla directory before attempting the upgrade. If
          you wish to revert to the old Bugzilla version for any reason, you
          will have to restore from these backups.
        </para>
      </warning>

      <para>
        The examples in the following sections are written as though the
        user were updating to version 2.22.1, but the procedures are the
        same regardless of whether one is updating to a new point release
        or simply trying to obtain a new bugfix release. Also, in the
        examples the user's Bugzilla installation is found at
        <filename>/var/www/html/bugzilla</filename>. If that is not the
        same as the location of your Bugzilla installation, simply
        substitute the proper paths where appropriate.
      </para>

      <section id="upgrade-cvs">
      <title>Upgrading using CVS</title>

        <para>
          Every release of Bugzilla, whether it is a point release or a bugfix,
          is tagged in CVS.  Also, every tarball that has been distributed since
          version 2.12 has been created in such a way that it can be used with
          CVS once it is unpacked. Doing so, however, requires that you are able
          to access cvs-mirror.mozilla.org on port 2401, which may not be an
          option or a possibility for some users, especially those behind a
          highly restrictive firewall.
        </para>

        <tip>
          <para>
            If you can, updating using CVS is probably the most painless
            method, especially if you have a lot of local changes.
          </para>
        </tip>

        <para>
          The following shows the sequence of commands needed to update a
          Bugzilla installation via CVS, and a typical series of results.
        </para>

        <programlisting>
bash$ <command>cd /var/www/html/bugzilla</command>
bash$ <command>cvs login</command>
Logging in to :pserver:anonymous@cvs-mirror.mozilla.org:2401/cvsroot
CVS password: <emphasis>('anonymous', or just leave it blank)</emphasis>
bash$ <command>cvs -q update -r BUGZILLA-2_22_1 -dP</command>
P checksetup.pl
P collectstats.pl
P docs/rel_notes.txt
P template/en/default/list/quips.html.tmpl
<emphasis>(etc.)</emphasis>
        </programlisting>

        <caution>
          <para>
            If a line in the output from <command>cvs update</command> begins
            with a <computeroutput>C</computeroutput>, then that represents a
            file with local changes that CVS was unable to properly merge. You
            need to resolve these conflicts manually before Bugzilla (or at
            least the portion using that file) will be usable.
          </para>
        </caution>
      </section>

      <section id="upgrade-tarball">
        <title>Upgrading using the tarball</title>

        <para>
          If you are unable (or unwilling) to use CVS, another option that's
          always available is to obtain the latest tarball from the <ulink
          url="http://www.bugzilla.org/download/">Download Page</ulink> and 
          create a new Bugzilla installation from that.
        </para>

        <para>
          This sequence of commands shows how to get the tarball from the
          command-line; it is also possible to download it from the site
          directly in a web browser. If you go that route, save the file
          to the <filename class="directory">/var/www/html</filename>
          directory (or its equivalent, if you use something else) and 
          omit the first three lines of the example.
        </para>

        <programlisting>
bash$ <command>cd /var/www/html</command>
bash$ <command>wget http://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/webtools/bugzilla-2.22.1.tar.gz</command>
<emphasis>(Output omitted)</emphasis>
bash$ <command>tar xzvf bugzilla-2.22.1.tar.gz</command>
bugzilla-2.22.1/
bugzilla-2.22.1/.cvsignore
<emphasis>(Output truncated)</emphasis>
bash$ <command>cd bugzilla-2.22.1</command>
bash$ <command>cp ../bugzilla/localconfig* .</command>
bash$ <command>cp -r ../bugzilla/data .</command>
bash$ <command>cd ..</command>
bash$ <command>mv bugzilla bugzilla.old</command>
bash$ <command>mv bugzilla-2.22.1 bugzilla</command>
        </programlisting>

        <warning>
          <para>
            The <command>cp</command> commands both end with periods which
            is a very important detail, it tells the shell that the destination
            directory is the current working directory. 
          </para>
        </warning>

        <para>
          This upgrade method will give you a clean install of Bugzilla with the 
          same version as the tarball. That's fine if you don't have any local
          customizations that you want to maintain, but if you do then you will 
          need to reapply them by hand to the appropriate files. 
        </para>

        <para>
          It's worth noting that since 2.12, the Bugzilla tarballs come
          CVS-ready, so if you decide at a later date that you'd rather use
          CVS as an upgrade method, your code will already be set up for it.
        </para>
      </section>

      <section id="upgrade-patches">
        <title>Upgrading using patches</title>

        <para>
          If you are doing a bugfix upgrade -- that is, one where only the 
          last number of the revision changes, such as from 2.22 to 2.22.1
          -- then you have the option of obtaining and applying a patch file
          from the <ulink
          url="http://www.bugzilla.org/download/">Download Page</ulink>.
          This file is made available by the <ulink
          url="http://www.bugzilla.org/developers/profiles.html">Bugzilla
          Development Team</ulink>, and is a collection of all the bug fixes
          and security patches that have been made since the last bugfix
          release. If you are planning to upgrade via patches, it is safer
          to grab this developer-made patch file than to read the patch
          notes and apply all (or even just some of) the patches oneself,
          as sometimes patches on bugs get changed before they get checked in.
        </para>

        <para>
          As above, this example starts with obtaining the file via the 
          command line. If you have already downloaded it, you can omit the
          first two commands.
        </para>

        <programlisting>
bash$ <command>cd /var/www/html/bugzilla</command>
bash$ <command>wget http://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/webtools/bugzilla-2.22-to-2.22.1.diff.gz</command>
<emphasis>(Output omitted)</emphasis>
bash$ <command>gunzip bugzilla-2.22-to-2.22.1.diff.gz</command>
bash$ <command>patch -p1 &lt; bugzilla-2.22-to-2.22.1.diff</command>
patching file checksetup.pl
patching file collectstats.pl
<emphasis>(etc.)</emphasis>
        </programlisting>

        <warning>
          <para>
            Be aware that upgrading from a patch file does not change the
            entries in your <filename class="directory">CVS</filename> directory.
            This could make it more difficult to upgrade using CVS
            (<xref linkend="upgrade-cvs"/>) in the future.
          </para>
        </warning>

      </section>
    </section>

    <section id="upgrading-completion">
    <title>Completing Your Upgrade</title>

      <para>
        Regardless of which upgrade method you choose, you will need to
        run <command>./checksetup.pl</command> before your Bugzilla
        upgrade will be complete.
      </para>

      <programlisting>
bash$ <command>cd bugzilla</command>
bash$ <command>./checksetup.pl</command>
      </programlisting>

      <warning>
        <para>
          The period at the beginning of the command
          <command>./checksetup.pl</command> is important and can not
          be omitted.
        </para>
      </warning>
          
      <para>
        If you have done a lot of local modifications, it wouldn't hurt
        to run the Bugzilla Testing suite. This is not a required step,
        but it isn't going to hurt anything, and might help point out
        some areas that could be improved. (More information on the
        test suite can be had by following this link to the appropriate
        section in the <ulink
        url="http://www.bugzilla.org/docs/developer.html#testsuite">Developers'
        Guide</ulink>.)
      </para>

    </section>
  </section>
</chapter>

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